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The Sinews of Old England (1857) by George Elgar Hicks shows a couple "on the threshold" between female and male spheres. [1]Terms such as separate spheres and domestic–public dichotomy refer to a social phenomenon within modern societies that feature, to some degree, an empirical separation between a domestic or private sphere and a public or social sphere.
Examples of hybrid forms of organization include: Public service organizations established by societal actors, such as (in the European context) social housing providers, public schools and hospitals. Public-sector organizations that behave in a business-like way, such as state-owned enterprises that also compete on the marketplace.
The private sphere is the complement or opposite to the public sphere. The private sphere is a certain sector of societal life in which an individual enjoys a degree of authority and tradition, unhampered by interventions from governmental, economic or other institutions. Examples of the private sphere are high society, religion, sex, family ...
Describing the emergence of the public sphere in the 18th century, Habermas noted that the public realm, or sphere, originally was "coextensive with public authority", [7] while "the private sphere comprised civil society in the narrower sense, that is to say, the realm of commodity exchange and of social labor". [8]
The "second place" is the workplace—where people may actually spend most of their waking time. Third places, then, are "anchors" of community life and facilitate and foster broader, more creative interaction. [1] In other words, "your third place is where you relax in public, where you encounter familiar faces and make new acquaintances." [2]
This poses a problem for women; the extra hours of domestic care work create difficulty in balancing domestic and market work. [15] The creation of separate spheres, public and private, in the nineteenth century contributed to the belief that caring was incompatible with the workplace and belonged to the family only. [16]
The medieval representation of the public sphere was linked to the concrete existence of a ruler, for example he referred to the princely seal as a symbol of sovereignty that was considered public. Feudal authorities including church, princes, and nobility began to disintegrated during a long process of polarization and a bourgeois sphere ...
A report looking at research on democratic workplaces in the USA, Europe and Latin America found workplace democracy had staff working 'better and smarter' with production organized more efficiently. They were also able to organize more efficiently on a larger scale and in more capital-intensive industries than hierarchical workplaces. [23]