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In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. [1] The majority of cases [2] are caused by mutations in the JAK2 gene, most commonly resulting in a single amino acid change in its protein product from valine to phenylalanine at position 617.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) ... Hepatocellular carcinoma or testicular cancer ... 4 per hemoglobin molecule Female: 7.2, [139] 7.6 [139]
RDW-SD is calculated as the width (in fL) of the RBC size distribution histogram at the 20% height level. This parameter is, therefore, not influenced by the average RBC size (mean corpuscular volume, MCV). [7] RDW-CV (expressed in %) is calculated with the following formula: RDW-CV = (1 standard deviation of RBC volume ÷ MCV) × 100%. [8]
Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (lungs or gills) to the other tissues of the body, where it releases the oxygen to enable aerobic respiration which powers an animal's metabolism. A healthy human has 12 to 20 grams of hemoglobin in every 100 mL of blood. Hemoglobin is a metalloprotein, a chromoprotein, and ...
In babies, neurological symptoms can occur from malnutrition or pernicious anemia in the mother. These include poor growth, apathy, having no desire for food, and developmental regression. While most symptoms resolve with supplementation, some developmental and cognitive problems may persist. [37] Diagnosing Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Cancer [38]
Decreased exposure of the skin to sunlight is a common cause of vitamin D deficiency. [1] People with a darker skin pigment with increased amounts of melanin may have decreased production of vitamin D. [3] Melanin absorbs ultraviolet B radiation from the sun and reduces vitamin D production. [3] Sunscreen can also reduce vitamin D production. [3]
Symptoms may be non-specific and progress gradually, often delaying diagnosis. About one-third of patients have colonic disease, another third have ileocolic disease, and the remaining third have isolated ileal disease. Systemic symptoms such as chronic fatigue, weight loss, and low-grade fevers are common. Organs such as the skin and joints ...
It affects women more than men due to the sharp fall in estrogen production that follows menopause. [193] Globally, it is estimated that 21.2% of women and 6.3% of men over the age of 50 have osteoporosis, corresponding to a total of around 500 million people worldwide. [194] About 15% of Caucasians in their 50s and 70% of those over 80 are ...