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The higher energy (shortest wavelength) ranges of UV (called "vacuum UV") are absorbed by nitrogen and, at longer wavelengths, by simple diatomic oxygen in the air. Most of the UV in the mid-range of energy is blocked by the ozone layer, which absorbs strongly in the important 200–315 nm range, the lower energy part of which is too long for ...
It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays. With frequencies above 30 exahertz ( 3 × 10 19 Hz ) and wavelengths less than 10 picometers ( 1 × 10 −11 m ), gamma ray photons have the highest photon energy of any form of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation phenomena with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter are called microwaves; with frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz. At radio and microwave frequencies, EMR interacts with matter largely as a bulk collection of charges which are spread out over large numbers of affected atoms.
Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light (or simply light). The optical spectrum is sometimes considered to be the same as the visible spectrum, but some authors define the term more broadly, to include the ultraviolet and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum as well, known collectively as optical ...
Gamma-ray astronomy is a subfield of astronomy where scientists observe and study celestial objects and phenomena in outer space which emit cosmic electromagnetic radiation in the form of gamma rays, [nb 1] i.e. photons with the highest energies (above 100 keV) at the very shortest wavelengths.
Ultra-high-energy gamma rays are gamma rays with photon energies higher than 100 TeV (0.1 PeV). They have a frequency higher than 2.42 × 10 28 Hz and a wavelength shorter than 1.24 × 10 −20 m.
10 nm Shortest extreme ultraviolet wavelength or longest X-ray wavelength [71] 10 nm – the average length of a nanowire; 10 nm – lower size of tobacco smoke [72] 10 nm – the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured circa 2016 –2017; 13 nm – the length of the wavelength that is used for EUV lithography
The visible band sits adjacent to the infrared (with longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies), called collectively optical radiation. [2] [3] In physics, the term "light" may refer more broadly to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not.