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An SQL UPDATE statement changes the data of one or more records in a table. Either all the rows can be updated, or a subset may be chosen using a condition. The UPDATE statement has the following form: [1] UPDATE table_name SET column_name = value [, column_name = value ...] [WHERE condition]
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TableTrigger AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON OriginalTable FOR EACH ROW DECLARE Now TIMESTAMP; BEGIN SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP INTO Now FROM Dual; UPDATE HistoryTable SET EndDate = Now WHERE EndDate IS NULL AND Column1 =: OLD. Column1; IF: NEW. Column1 IS NOT NULL THEN INSERT INTO HistoryTable (Column1, Column2 ...
Before Insert; The four main types of triggers are: Row-level trigger: This gets executed before or after any column value of a row changes. Column-level trigger: This gets executed before or after the specified column changes. For each row type: This trigger gets executed once for each row of the result set affected by an insert/update/delete.
For example: GRANT can be used to give privileges to user to do SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE on a specific table or multiple tables. The REVOKE command is used to take a privilege away (default) or revoking specific command like UPDATE or DELETE based on requirements.
Additionally there is a single-row version, UPDATE OR INSERT INTO tablename (columns) VALUES (values) [MATCHING (columns)], but the latter does not give you the option to take different actions on insert versus update (e.g. setting a new sequence value only for new rows, not for existing ones.)
Using a SELECT statement after the INSERT statement with a database-specific function that returns the generated primary key for the most recently inserted row. For example, LAST_INSERT_ID() for MySQL. Using a unique combination of elements from the original SQL INSERT in a subsequent SELECT statement.
Each column in an SQL table declares the type(s) that column may contain. ANSI SQL includes the following data types. [14] Character strings and national character strings. CHARACTER(n) (or CHAR(n)): fixed-width n-character string, padded with spaces as needed; CHARACTER VARYING(n) (or VARCHAR(n)): variable-width string with a maximum size of n ...
A common table expression, or CTE, (in SQL) is a temporary named result set, derived from a simple query and defined within the execution scope of a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. CTEs can be thought of as alternatives to derived tables ( subquery ), views , and inline user-defined functions.