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To find the length of the gradually varied flow transitions, iterate the “step length”, instead of height, at the boundary condition height until equations 4 and 5 agree. (e.g. For an M1 Profile, position 1 would be the downstream condition and you would solve for position two where the height is equal to normal depth.)
The height of the hydraulic jump, similar to length, is useful to know when designing waterway structures like settling basins or spillways. The height of the hydraulic jump is simply the difference in flow depths prior to and after the hydraulic jump. The height can be determined using the Froude number and upstream energy. Equations:
Stoplogs of a hydro power plant which can close the water flow to the turbine. Stoplogs are modular in nature, giving the operator of a gated structure the ability to control the water level in a channel by adding or removing individual stoplogs. A gate may make use of one or more logs.
H s is the design significant wave height at the toe of the structure (m) Δ is the dimensionless relative buoyant density of rock, i.e. (ρ r / ρ w - 1) = around 1.58 for granite in sea water; ρ r and ρ w are the densities of rock and (sea)water (kg/m 3) D n50 is the nominal median diameter of armor blocks = (W 50 /ρ r) 1/3 (m)
This tide mark indicates the maximum wave run-up during the preceding storm. As the flood mark is situated near the height of maximum wave run-up and water levels are generally well-documented by nearby tide stations, it is straightforward to calculate the Ru 2% of the storm by subtracting the observed storm surge level from the flood mark level.
d = equivalent depth, a function of L, (Di-Dd), and r; r = drain radius (m) Steady (equilibrium) state condition In steady state, the level of the water table remains constant and the discharge rate (Q) equals the rate of groundwater recharge (R), i.e. the amount of water entering the groundwater through the watertable per unit of time.
From this equilibrium the wave setup can be calculated. The maximum increase in water level is then: = where H b is the wave height at the breaker line and γ is the breaker index (wave height/water depth ratio at breaking for individual waves, usually γ = 0.7 - 0.8). Incidentally, due to this phenomenon, a small reduction in water level ...
On Earth, additional height of fresh water adds a static pressure of about 9.8 kPa per meter (0.098 bar/m) or 0.433 psi per foot of water column height. The static head of a pump is the maximum height (pressure) it can deliver. The capability of the pump at a certain RPM can be read from its Q-H curve (flow vs. height).