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  2. Stream (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_(abstract_data_type)

    In type theory and functional programming, a stream is a potentially infinite analog of a list, given by the coinductive definition: [1] [2] data Stream α = Nil | Cons α ( Stream α ) Generating and computing with streams requires lazy evaluation , either implicitly in a lazily evaluated language or by creating and forcing thunks in an eager ...

  3. Stream (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_(computing)

    A stream can be used similarly to a list, but later elements are only calculated when needed. Streams can therefore represent infinite sequences and series. [1] In the Smalltalk standard library and in other programming languages as well, a stream is an external iterator. As in Scheme, streams can represent finite or infinite sequences.

  4. Reactive Streams - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_Streams

    Reactive Streams were proposed to become part of Java 9 by Doug Lea, leader of JSR 166 [8] as a new Flow class [9] that would include the interfaces currently provided by Reactive Streams. [5] [10] After a successful 1.0 release of Reactive Streams and growing adoption, the proposal was accepted and Reactive Streams was included in JDK9 via the ...

  5. Primitive data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_data_type

    Many languages (e.g. Java, Pascal and Ada) implement Booleans adhering to the concept of Boolean as a distinct logical type. Some languages, though, may implicitly convert Booleans to numeric types at times to give extended semantics to Booleans and Boolean expressions or to achieve backwards compatibility with earlier versions of the language.

  6. Stream processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_processing

    Because changing the kernel is a rather expensive operation the stream architecture also incurs penalties for small streams, a behaviour referred to as the short stream effect. Pipelining is a very widespread and heavily used practice on stream processors, with GPUs featuring pipelines exceeding 200 stages. The cost for switching settings is ...

  7. Standard streams - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams

    Standard input is a stream from which a program reads its input data. The program requests data transfers by use of the read operation. Not all programs require stream input. For example, the dir and ls programs (which display file names contained in a directory) may take command-line arguments, but perform their operations without any stream ...

  8. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    In functional programming, fold (also termed reduce, accumulate, aggregate, compress, or inject) refers to a family of higher-order functions that analyze a recursive data structure and through use of a given combining operation, recombine the results of recursively processing its constituent parts, building up a return value.

  9. Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming

    Many widely used languages, such as C++, Java, and Python, provide object-oriented features. Although in the past object-oriented programming was widely accepted, [ 53 ] more recently essays criticizing object-oriented programming and recommending the avoidance of these features (generally in favor of functional programming ) have been very ...