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There are six types, known as flavors, of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. [4] Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. The heavier quarks rapidly change into up and down quarks through a process of particle decay : the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state.
There are six quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. [ 34 ] [ 37 ] Quarks carry color charge , and hence interact via the strong interaction . The color confinement phenomenon results in quarks being strongly bound together such that they form color-neutral composite particles called hadrons ; quarks cannot individually exist and ...
In the Standard Model, there are 12 types of elementary fermions: six quarks and six leptons. Quarks Quarks ... There are six flavors of quarks; ...
Therefore, one can conclude that most of the visible mass of the universe consists of protons and neutrons, which, like all baryons, in turn consist of up quarks and down quarks. Some estimates imply that there are roughly 10 80 baryons (almost entirely protons and neutrons) in the observable universe. [citation needed]
For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, ... ^ There is a controversial discovery claim, disfavored by other experimental data. [30]
All quarks are assigned a baryon number of 1 / 3 . Up, charm and top quarks have an electric charge of + 2 / 3 , while the down, strange, and bottom quarks have an electric charge of − 1 / 3 . Antiquarks have the opposite quantum numbers. Quarks are spin- 1 / 2 particles, and thus fermions. Each quark or antiquark ...
The hadrons are divided by number of quarks (including antiquarks) into the baryons containing an odd number of quarks (almost always 3), of which the proton and neutron (the two nucleons) are by far the best known; and the mesons containing an even number of quarks (almost always 2, one quark and one antiquark), of which the pions and kaons ...
Mesons named with the letter "f" are scalar mesons (as opposed to a pseudo-scalar meson), and mesons named with the letter "a" are axial-vector mesons (as opposed to an ordinary vector meson) a.k.a. an isoscalar vector meson, while the letters "b" and "h" refer to axial-vector mesons with positive parity, negative C-parity, and quantum numbers I G of 1 + and 0 − respectively.