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The common names soap plant, soaproot and amole refer to the genus Chlorogalum. They are native to western North America , with some species in Oregon but they are mostly found in California . Common names of the genus and several species derive from their use as soap .
Like all the soap plants, Chlorogalum pomeridianum is a perennial that grows from a bulb, which is brown, between 7 and 15 cm in diameter, slightly elongated, and covered in thick, coarse fibers. The leaves grow from the base of the plant, and can be from 20 to 70 cm long and 6 to 25 mm wide. [ 1 ]
The resulting mixture is known as soft soap [broken anchor], which serves as a precursor for hard soap production. After adding sodium chloride (a process known as salting out), the soap nucleus rises and separates. The water-soluble glycerin and unwanted fat residues remain in the solution (see also soap [broken anchor]).
[3] [4] Studies of the genomic organization and of the molecular phylogeny have shown that the nucleomorph of the cryptomonads used to be the nucleus of a red alga, whereas the nucleomorph of the chlorarchniophytes was the nucleus of a green alga. In both groups of organisms the plastids originate from engulfed photoautotrophic eukaryotes.
Sapindus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) species including Endoclita malabaricus. Kernel extracts of soapnut disrupt the activity of enzymes of larvae and pupae and inhibit the growth of the mosquito Aedes aegypti , an important vector of viral diseases.
[3] [4] In the three-domain model, the first two are prokaryotes, single-celled microorganisms without a membrane-bound nucleus. All organisms that have a cell nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are included in Eukarya and called eukaryotes. Non-cellular life, most notably the viruses, is not included in this system.
Fused protoplast (left) with chloroplasts (from a leaf cell) and coloured vacuole (from a petal) Somatic fusion, also called protoplast fusion, is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid. [1]
These examples of nuclear movement in response to the biotic and abiotic stimuli highlight the role of the nucleus as a highly mobile command center necessary for the integration of cell signaling and also emphasize the importance of cytoskeletal structure in mediating the transduction of signaling from outside the cell to the nucleus.