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Of all the schools of ancient philosophy, Stoicism made the greatest claim to being utterly systematic. [17] In the view of the Stoics, philosophy is the practice of virtue, and virtue, the highest form of which is utility, is generally speaking, constructed from ideals of logic, monistic physics, and naturalistic ethics. [18]
Stoicism is a school of philosophy which developed in the Hellenistic period around a generation after the time of Aristotle. [4] The Stoics believed that the universe operated according to reason, i.e. by a God which is immersed in nature itself. [4] Logic (logike) was the part of philosophy which examined reason (logos). [5]
ἀπάθεια: serenity, peace of mind, such as that achieved by the Stoic sage. aphormê ἀφορμή: aversion, impulse not to act (as a result of ekklisis). Opposite of hormê. apoproêgmena ἀποπροηγμένα: dispreferred things. Morally indifferent but naturally undesirable things, such as illness. Opposite of proêgmena. aretê
Founded by the philosopher Zeno of Citium, the Stoic philosophy was founded around 300 BC in Athens, Greece. The four tenets of this philosophy are wisdom, courage, temperance and justice. One key ...
Stoicism begins and ends by relating the modern revival of Stoicism as embodied by Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. [1] It covers the history of the school and its doctrines in what it classified as the three areas of philosophy: physics, ethics and logic. [2]
The Stoics grounded their ethics in the belief that the world was rational, ordered, and structured. [1] Only by living according to nature (human nature and cosmic nature) can humans flourish. [ 2 ] Since nature is rational, only a life lived according to reason, i.e. according to virtue ( aretē ), will allow for a life that is smooth ...
Aristo of Chios (Greek: Ἀρίστων ὁ Χῖος Ariston ho Chios; fl. c. 260 BC), also spelled Ariston, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and colleague of Zeno of Citium. [1] He outlined a system of Stoic philosophy that was, in many ways, closer to earlier Cynic philosophy.
According to Stoic philosophy, each being, whether animate or inanimate (plant, animal or human), carries on fitting actions corresponding to its own nature, which is the primary sense of kathēkon. The morality of the act resides not in the act itself, but the way in which it is realized.