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  2. Runoff (hydrology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runoff_(hydrology)

    Runoff is the flow of water across the earth, and is a major component in the hydrological cycle. Runoff that flows over land before reaching a watercourse is referred to as surface runoff or overland flow. Once in a watercourse, runoff is referred to as streamflow, channel runoff, or river runoff. Urban runoff is surface runoff created by ...

  3. Runoff model (reservoir) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runoff_model_(reservoir)

    A runoff models or rainfall-runoff model describes how rainfall is converted into runoff in a drainage basin (catchment area or watershed). More precisely, it produces a surface runoff hydrograph in response to a rainfall event, represented by and input as a hyetograph. Rainfall-runoff models need to be calibrated before they can be used.

  4. Surface runoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoff

    Surface runoff is defined as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail [5]) that reaches a surface stream without ever passing below the soil surface. [6] It is distinct from direct runoff, which is runoff that reaches surface streams immediately after rainfall or melting snowfall and excludes runoff generated by the melting of snowpack or ...

  5. Unimpaired runoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unimpaired_runoff

    The reason unimpaired runoff is important is because long-term hydrologic records are often used to develop relationships between precipitation, runoff, and water supply. By removing changes in the timing between precipitation and runoff due to human influences, the long-term relationships will be more useful.

  6. Runoff curve number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runoff_curve_number

    The runoff curve number (also called a curve number or simply CN) is an empirical parameter used in hydrology for predicting direct runoff or infiltration from rainfall excess. [1] The curve number method was developed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service , which was formerly called the Soil Conservation Service or SCS — the ...

  7. Storm Water Management Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_Water_Management_Model

    SWMM tracks the quantity and quality of runoff generated within each subcatchment, and the flow rate, flow depth, and quality of water in each pipe and channel during a simulation period divided into multiple time steps. SWMM accounts for various hydrologic processes that produce runoff from urban areas. These include: time-varying rainfall

  8. Water balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_balance

    This equation requires the system to be closed, and where it is not (for example when surface runoff contributes to a different basin), this must be taken into account. Extensive water balances are discussed in agricultural hydrology. A water balance can be used to help manage water supply and predict where there may be water shortages.

  9. Hydrological transport model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrological_transport_model

    An example of these efforts was developed at the Southeast Water Laboratory, [19] one of the first attempts to calibrate a surface runoff model with field data for a variety of chemical contaminants. The attention given to surface runoff contaminant models has not matched the emphasis on pure hydrology models, in spite of their role in the ...