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Porringer – a shallow bowl, 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) in diameter, and 1.5–3 inches (3.8–7.6 cm) deep; the form originates in the medieval period in Europe and they were made in wood, ceramic, pewter and silver. A second, modern usage, for the term porringer is a double saucepan similar to a bain-marie used for cooking porridge.
Hard-paste porcelain was invented in China, and it was also used in Japanese porcelain.Most of the finest quality porcelain wares are made of this material. The earliest European porcelains were produced at the Meissen factory in the early 18th century; they were formed from a paste composed of kaolin and alabaster and fired at temperatures up to 1,400 °C (2,552 °F) in a wood-fired kiln ...
Ceramic material is an inorganic, metallic oxide, nitride, or carbide material. Some elements, such as carbon or silicon, may be considered ceramics. Ceramic materials are brittle, hard, strong in compression, and weak in shearing and tension. They withstand the chemical erosion that occurs in other materials subjected to acidic or caustic ...
Most materials that are conductive enough to heat evenly are too reactive to use in food preparation. In some cases (copper pots, for example), a pot may be made out of a more reactive metal, and then tinned or clad with another. While metal pots take heat very well, they usually react poorly to rapid cooling, such as being plunged into water ...
In many examples the group a piece belongs to is immediately visually apparent, but this is not always the case; for example fritware uses no or little clay, so falls outside these groups. Historic pottery of all these types is often grouped as either "fine" wares, relatively expensive and well-made, and following the aesthetic taste of the ...
Ceramic materials are inorganic and non-metallic and formed by the action of heat. ... Metal clay; Molybdenum disilicide; Mud; N. Nanophase ceramic; Nile silt; Ninja ...
They range from construction materials such as bricks and tiles, to hand-built pottery vessels fired in bonfires or kilns, to the sophisticated Chinese porcelain wares made for the imperial court and for export. Chinese ceramics show a continuous development since pre-dynastic times and the first pottery was made during the Palaeolithic era.
The iron in the clay absorbs oxygen and becomes the red or red-brown iron(III) oxide. The resulting pottery has a red-brown colour. [25] The simplest and earliest firing method is the open fire. The vessel to be fired is covered and filled with flammable material. It is placed on a flat piece of ground, surrounded by a low wall, or put in a pit.