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A solidary obligation, or an obligation in solidum, is a type of obligation in the civil law jurisprudence that allows either obligors to be bound together, each liable for the whole performance, or obligees to be bound together, all owed just a single performance and each entitled to the entirety of it. In general, solidarity of an obligation ...
If parties have joint liability, each of them is liable up to the full amount of the relevant obligation. Example: Alex and Bobbie are married. Together they take a loan from a bank and the loan agreement specifies that they are to be jointly liable for the full amount. Alex moves overseas and ceases to make payments.
In Napoleon's code, solidarity meant the joint liability of debtors towards a common creditor and was not a primary legal principle. [11] Conservatism, following the French Revolution, introduced the concept of "solidarity", which was detached from the legal system, as a reaction against rapid social change and as a longing for a stable society.
In financial accounting, a liability is a quantity of value that a financial entity owes. More technically, it is value that an entity is expected to deliver in the future to satisfy a present obligation arising from past events. [1] The value delivered to settle a liability may be in the form of assets transferred or services performed.
The action against the employer is based on the theory of vicarious liability in which a party can be held liable for the acts of a different party. The employer–employee relationship is the most common area respondeat superior is applied, but the doctrine is also used in the agency relationship.
Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658 (1978), is an opinion given by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court overruled Monroe v. Pape by holding that a local government is a "person" subject to suit under Section 1983 of Title 42 of the United States Code: Civil action for deprivation of rights. [1]
Limited liability is founded on the opposite principle and permits a man to avail himself of acts if advantageous to him, and not to be responsible for them if they should be disadvantageous; to speculate for profits without being liable for losses; to make contracts, incur debts, and commit wrongs, the law depriving the creditor, the ...
A 2016 mapping of 41 countries’ corporate liability systems shows wide variations in approaches to liability, and that corporate liability is a dynamic area of legal innovation and evolution. [ 1 ] The term legal person refers to a business entity (often a corporation, but possibly other legal entities, as specified by law) that has both ...