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James with his father, Charles I, by Sir Peter Lely, 1647. In August 1642, long running political disputes between Charles I and his opponents in Parliament led to the First English Civil War. James and his brother Charles were present at the Battle of Edgehill in October, and narrowly escaped capture by Parliamentarian cavalry. [12]
James's greatest political problem was his known Roman Catholicism, which left him alienated from both political parties in England, but most of all from the Whigs.. Between 1679 and 1681 the Whigs had failed in their attempts to pass the Exclusion Bill to exclude James from the throne, but his brother Charles II had had great trouble in defeating this
A year later, James had signed the Charter in England, but the death of Charles II and James's ascension to the throne caused the Charter never to be delivered to New York. [citation needed] Instead, James was convinced – from his new perspective as sovereign – that the Charter gave colonists in New York rights and privileges that were too ...
It extended from Long Island on the Atlantic, up the Hudson River and Mohawk River valleys to the Great Lakes and North to the colonies of New France and claimed lands further west. In 1664, Charles II of England and his brother James, Duke of York raised a fleet to take the Dutch colony of New Netherland, then under the Directorship of Peter ...
James lawfully succeeded his brother, Charles II, to the throne on 6 February 1685, as Charles did not have any legitimate children. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] When James fled the country in 1688, the English Parliament declared that he had abdicated [ 2 ] and the Scottish Convention of Estates declared he had forfeited his crown. [ 5 ]
This group was closely involved in the 1679 to 1681 campaign to exclude the Catholic James from succeeding his brother Charles II. They helped organise the 1680 'Great Petition' demanding the recall of Parliament , signed by 18,000 people, including John Ayloffe , Richard Nelthorpe and Robert Ferguson .
Leisler's exact role in the militia uprising is unknown, but a number of observations point to his involvement. He and militia captain Charles Lodewick presented the petition on May 22. Jost Stoll, one of his officers, led the militia to the gates of Fort James, and another of his officers delivered the demand for the keys to the powder ...
Some members of Parliament even proposed that the crown go to Charles's illegitimate son, James Scott, who became the Duke of Monmouth. [8] In 1679, with the Exclusion Bill – which would exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the line of succession – in danger of passing, Charles II dissolved Parliament. [9]