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A ship carrying Polish soldiers and civilian refugees arrives in Iran from the Soviet Union, 1942. On March 19, 1942, General Władysław Anders ordered the evacuation of Polish soldiers and civilians who lived next to army camps.
The Soviet authorities regarded service to the prewar Polish state as a "crime against revolution" [24] and "counter-revolutionary activity", [25] and proceeded to arrest large numbers of Polish intelligentsia, former officials, politicians, civil servants and scientists, intellectuals and the clergy, as well as ordinary people thought to pose ...
The Soviet Union invaded Poland in 1939, [9] breaking relations with the Polish government and repressing Polish citizens in the occupied territories. [10] The outbreak of the Soviet-German War in 1941 and Sikorski-Mayski Negotiations [11] led to the change of Soviet policies towards the Poles, as leniency was needed if Soviets were to recruit and create a Polish force under their command.
Thousands of former Polish prisoners walked from the southern border of the Soviet Union to Iran. Many died in the process due to cold weather, hunger, and exhaustion. About 79,000 soldiers and 37,000 civilians – Polish citizens – left the Soviet Union. [5]
One of the Soviet Union's earliest and largest crimes against prisoners of war occurred in the aftermath of the invasion. After the fighting ended, the Soviet Union ended up with several hundred thousands of Polish prisoners of war. Some escaped, were transferred to German custody, or released, but 125,000 were imprisoned in camps run by the ...
Diplomatic relations were, however, re-established in 1941 after the German invasion of the Soviet Union forced Joseph Stalin to look for allies. Thus the military agreement from August 14 and subsequent Sikorski–Mayski Agreement from August 17, 1941, resulted in Stalin agreeing to declare the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in relation to Poland null and void, [29] and release tens of thousands ...
The Soviet authorities regarded service for the pre-war Polish state as a "crime against revolution" [158] and "counter-revolutionary activity", [159] and subsequently started arresting large numbers of Polish intelligentsia, politicians, civil servants and scientists, but also ordinary people suspected of posing a threat to the Soviet rule.
Polish deportees to Soviet Union (1 C, 62 P) E. Ethnic cleansing of Poles by Nazi Germany (11 P) K. ... Evacuation of Polish civilians from the USSR in World War II; F.