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Naikan (Japanese: 内観, lit. ' introspection ') is a structured method of self-reflection developed by Yoshimoto Ishin (1916–1988) in the 1940s. [1] The practice is based around asking oneself three questions about a person in one's life: [2]
Free indirect discourse can be described as a "technique of presenting a character's voice partly mediated by the voice of the author". In the words of the French narrative theorist Gérard Genette, "the narrator takes on the speech of the character, or, if one prefers, the character speaks through the voice of the narrator, and the two instances then are merged". [1]
Reflective listening arose from Carl Rogers's school of client-centered therapy in counseling theory. [1]It is a practice of expressing genuine understanding in response to a speaker as opposed to word-for-word regurgitation. [1]
[4] Self-reflection is related to the philosophy of consciousness, the topic of awareness, and the philosophy of mind. [5] The concept of self-reflection is ancient. More than 3,000 years ago, "Know thyself" was the first of three Delphic maxims inscribed in the forecourt of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. [6]
The Ontario Ministry of Education (2007) [38] describes many ways in which educators can help students acquire the skills required for effective reflection and self-assessment, including: modelling and/or intentionally teaching critical thinking skills necessary for reflection and self-assessment practices; addressing students' perceptions of ...
Level 5—Self-consciousness or "meta" self-awareness: At this level not only is the self seen from a first person view but it is realized that it is also seen from a third person's view. A person who develops self consciousness begins to understand they can be in the mind of others: for instance, how they are seen from a public standpoint.
A few are: increased self-awareness about personal writing techniques; improved critical analysis; and ability to examine and understand social, cultural, and political issues that involve language. [22] Within professions, reflective writing can be used as a therapeutic form of expression, especially useful in stress-filled professions. [22]
Accordingly, in certain Eastern religions, like Hinduism, illeism is sometimes seen as a sign of enlightenment, since through it, an individual detaches their eternal self from their bodily form; in particular, Jnana yoga encourages its practitioners to refer to themselves in the third person. [9]