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  2. Vigenère cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigenère_cipher

    For example, in a Caesar cipher of shift 3, a would become D, b would become E, y would become B and so on. The Vigenère cipher has several Caesar ciphers in sequence with different shift values. To encrypt, a table of alphabets can be used, termed a tabula recta, Vigenère square or Vigenère table. It has the alphabet written out 26 times in ...

  3. Kasiski examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasiski_examination

    In cryptanalysis, Kasiski examination (also known as Kasiski's test or Kasiski's method) is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as the Vigenère cipher. [1] [2] It was first published by Friedrich Kasiski in 1863, [3] but seems to have been independently discovered by Charles Babbage as early as 1846. [4] [5]

  4. Polyalphabetic cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyalphabetic_cipher

    A polyalphabetic cipher is a substitution, using multiple substitution alphabets. The Vigenère cipher is probably the best-known example of a polyalphabetic cipher, though it is a simplified special case. The Enigma machine is more complex but is still fundamentally a polyalphabetic substitution cipher.

  5. Autokey cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autokey_cipher

    An autokey cipher (also known as the autoclave cipher) is a cipher that incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key. The key is generated from the message in some automated fashion, sometimes by selecting certain letters from the text or, more commonly, by adding a short primer key to the front of the message.

  6. Index of coincidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_coincidence

    This technique is used to cryptanalyze the Vigenère cipher, for example. For a repeating-key polyalphabetic cipher arranged into a matrix, the coincidence rate within each column will usually be highest when the width of the matrix is a multiple of the key length, and this fact can be used to determine the key length, which is the first step ...

  7. Today’s NYT ‘Strands’ Hints, Spangram and Answers for Monday ...

    www.aol.com/today-nyt-strands-hints-spangram...

    An example spangram with corresponding theme words: PEAR, FRUIT, BANANA, APPLE, etc. Need a hint? Find non-theme words to get hints. For every 3 non-theme words you find, you earn a hint.

  8. Recording reveals new details on controversial DOGE employee

    www.aol.com/news/recording-reveals-details...

    In one recorded meeting just before Coristine started his internship, for example, a drunk employee repeatedly threatened to fight his colleagues. Encouraged by coworkers, the staffer – chugging ...

  9. These 20 cult-favorite cleaning products have thousands of ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/cult-favorite-cleaning...

    Rating: 4.7-stars | Reviews: 228,000+. Banish odor-causing bacteria and the grime left behind from daily loads of laundry with these easy-to-use once-monthly tablets. This box contains six tablets ...