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The United States government implemented these policies in response to the creation of and support from the National Organization for Women in 1966, establishing the mission to push for more vigorous enforcement of anti-discrimination laws. [5] For instance, the National Organization for Women implemented task forces to support their efforts.
A gender gap in voting typically refers to the difference in the percentage of men and women who vote for a particular candidate. [1] It is calculated by subtracting the percentage of women supporting a candidate from the percentage of men supporting a candidate (e.g., if 55 percent of men support a candidate and 44 percent of women support the same candidate, there is an 11-point gender gap).
On July 21, 2014, President Obama signed Executive Order 13672, adding "gender identity" to the categories protected against discrimination in hiring in the federal civilian workforce and both "sexual orientation" and gender identity" to the categories protected against discrimination in hiring and employment on the part of federal government ...
Researchers calculate the loss to the annual budget due to gender segregation to be roughly 40–50%. [198] Although women hold prominent positions in Russia's government, traditional gender roles are still prevalent, and there is room for improvement when dealing with gender pay gap, domestic violence and sexual harassment. [199]
The Equality Act was a bill in the United States Congress, that, if passed, would amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (including titles II, III, IV, VI, VII, and IX) to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, federally funded programs, credit, and jury service.
More recently, however, the gender wage gap has increased in the United States. [9] In 2023, women's earnings declined by 3 cents relative to men's, in all age groups. [ 10 ] In 2022, childless men aged 25-34 earned significantly more than childless women of the same age group when stratified by educational attainment . [ 201 ]
Feminization of poverty refers to a trend of increasing inequality in living standards between men and women due to the widening gender gap in poverty.This phenomenon largely links to how women and children are disproportionately represented within the lower socioeconomic status community in comparison to men within the same socioeconomic status. [1]
One cause of the gender pay gap may be due to occupational segregation, which pushes men and women towards gender-specific forms of employment, rather than pay discrimination. Another possible cause is the double burden , a phenomenon in which women perform most of the unpaid childcare and household work despite being otherwise employed for pay.