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The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969, renewed in 1992 and often referred to as the CLC Convention, is an international maritime treaty admistered by the International Maritime Organization that was adopted to ensure that adequate compensation would be available where oil pollution damage was caused by maritime casualties involving oil tankers (i.e ...
The 1992 convention came into force on 30 May 2006. As of November 2018, the convention had been ratified by 115 states representing 95 per cent of the gross tonnage of the world's merchant fleet. [3] The Bolivian, North Korean, Honduran, Lebanese, and, Mongolian flags of convenience have not ratified the treaty. [4] [5]
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Nairobi, 1992; Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons; Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused during Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail, and Inland Navigation Vessels (CRTD), Geneva, 1989; Convention on Cluster Munitions; Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and ...
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (BUNKER) is an International treaty listed and administered by the International Maritime Organization, [1] signed in London on 23 March 2001 and in force generally on 21 November 2008. The purpose is to adopt uniform international rules and procedures for ...
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The convention is based on the model of the 1992 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, which covers pollution damage caused by spills of crude oil from tankers. [6] In 2009, the convention had still not entered into force due to an insufficient number of ratification.
The majority of charterers refuse to pay more for higher grade vessels despite the liability and compensation regulations enforced by OPA. The new and safer double hull tanker vessels are approximately 15-20% more costly to operate. In 1992, approximately 60% of global vessels was at least fifteen years old or older.
Type relates to whether the convention is fundamental, covers governance matters or is technical (generally issues of working conditions). Subjects covered by the Conventions: Individual rights at work , mainly on safety, wage standards, working time, or social security, and the rights to freedom from forced to work or work during childhood.