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C# is a language in which the null object pattern can be properly implemented. This example shows animal objects that display sounds and a NullAnimal instance used in place of the C# null keyword. The null object provides consistent behaviour and prevents a runtime null reference exception that would occur if the C# null keyword were used instead.
The following shows the basic code of the object pool design pattern implemented using C#. For brevity the properties of the classes are declared using C# 3.0 automatically implemented property syntax. These could be replaced with full property definitions for earlier versions of the language.
The C# collections framework consists of classes from the System.Collections and the System.Collections.Generic namespaces with several useful interfaces, abstract classes, and data structures. [40] NET 3.5 added System.Linq namespace that contains various extension methods for querying collections, such as Aggregate , All , Average , Distinct ...
In many algorithms, initially the black set starts as empty, the grey set is the set of objects which are directly referenced from roots and the white set includes all other objects. Every object in memory is at all times in exactly one of the three sets. The algorithm proceeds as following: Pick an object o from the grey set
C# doesn't support automatic unboxing in the same meaning as Java, because it doesn't have a separate set of primitive types and object types. All types that have both primitive and object version in Java, are automatically implemented by the C# compiler as either primitive (value) types or object (reference) types.
It does not select the element, but returns true if at least one element is matched. An invocation of any without a predicate returns true if the collection non-empty. The All operator returns true if all elements match the predicate. Contains The Contains operator checks, if the collection contains a given element. Count
Many programming languages require garbage collection, either as part of the language specification (e.g., RPL, Java, C#, D, [4] Go, and most scripting languages) or effectively for practical implementation (e.g., formal languages like lambda calculus). [5] These are said to be garbage-collected languages.
In Java, the multiton pattern can be implemented using an enumerated type, with the values of the type corresponding to the instances. In the case of an enumerated type with a single value, this gives the singleton pattern. In C#, we can also use enums, as the following example shows: