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The occipital vein is a vein of the scalp. It originates from a plexus around the external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line to the back part of the vertex of the skull . It usually drains into the internal jugular vein , but may also drain into the posterior auricular vein (which joins the external jugular vein ).
The anterior part of it unites with the facial vein to form the common facial vein, which drains into jugular vein, and ultimately to the subclavian vein. The occipital vein terminates to the sub-occipital plexus. There are other veins, like the emissary vein and frontal diploic vein, which also contribute to the venous drainage.
Emissary veins have an important role in selective cooling of the head. They also serve as routes where infections are carried into the cranial cavity from the extracranial veins to the intracranial veins. There are several types of emissary veins including the posterior condyloid, mastoid, occipital and parietal emissary veins. [1]
The head rests on the top part of the vertebral column, with the skull joining at C1 (the first cervical vertebra known as the atlas). The skeletal section of the head and neck forms the top part of the axial skeleton and is made up of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, and cervical spine. The skull can be further subdivided into:
Veins of the heart. Coronary sinus. Great cardiac vein; Oblique vein of left atrium; Middle cardiac vein; Small cardiac vein; Pulmonary veins; Superior vena cava. Brachiocephalic vein. Inferior thyroid vein; Inferior laryngeal vein; Pericardial veins; Pericardiophrenic veins; Bronchial veins; Vertebral vein. Occipital vein; Anterior vertebral ...
Sublingual vein; Suboccipital venous plexus; Superficial cerebral veins; Superficial temporal vein; Superficial veins of the brain; Superior anastomotic vein; Superior cerebral veins; Superior labial vein; Superior laryngeal vein; Superior ophthalmic vein; Superior petrosal sinus; Superior sagittal sinus; Superior thalamostriate vein; Superior ...
The diploic veins drain this area into the dural venous sinuses. The four major trunks of the diploic veins found on each side of the head are frontal, anterior temporal, posterior temporal, and occipital diploic veins. [2] [3] They tend to be symmetrical, with the same pattern of large veins on each side of the skull. [1]
The external vertebral venous plexuses travel inferiorly from this suboccipital region to drain into the brachiocephalic vein. The occipital vein joins in the formation of the plexus deep to the musculature of the back and from here drains into the external jugular vein. The plexus surrounds segments of the vertebral artery