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The atmospheric bridge is more effective during boreal winter when the deepened Aleutian Low results in stronger and cold northwesterly winds over the central Pacific and warm/humid southerly winds along the North American west coast, the associated changes in the surface heat fluxes and to a lesser extent Ekman transport creates negative sea ...
The meridional (interhemispheric) mode demonstrates seasonal changes, arriving to a maximum during the boreal spring, on and north of the equator. The seasonal changes in surface wind forcing, which are closely linked to the seasonal displacement of the ITCZ, incite a response on the ocean surface, affecting current systems in the tropical Atlantic as well as the slope of the underlying ...
The scheme goes on to divide the Boreal (BO) into BO-1, 9300–9000, BO-2, 9000–8500, and BO-3, 8500–8000, incal. CalPal used on these dates suggests overall boundaries of 11,500 and 10,500 BP for the Pre-Boreal, and the end of the Boreal at 8900. Dates given recently are usually earlier than those given more than 10 years ago.
Pre-Boreal sharp rise in temperature over 50 years (B-S), precedes Boreal 8500–6900: Boreal (B-S), rising sea levels, forest replaces tundra in northern Europe 7500–3900: Neolithic Subpluvial/African humid period in North Africa, wet 7000–3000: Holocene climatic optimum, or Atlantic in northern Europe (B-S) 6200: 8.2-kiloyear event cold ...
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the largest element of the intraseasonal (30- to 90-day) variability in the tropical atmosphere. It was discovered in 1971 by Roland Madden and Paul Julian of the American National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). [ 1 ]
Positive (negative) Subtropical Indian Ocean dipole events during boreal winter are always followed by weak (strong) Indian Summer Monsoons. During positive (negative) SIOD event, the Mascarene High shifting southeastward (northwestward) from austral to boreal summer causes a weakening (strengthening) of the monsoon circulation system by ...
A typical La Niña pattern produces a wetter, cooler winter over the northern U.S., while drier, milder weather takes hold of the South. While there have been important caveats that go against the ...
The SST and wind anomalies of the PMM positive phase. Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) is a climate mode in the North Pacific.In its positive state, it is characterized by the coupling of weaker trade winds in the northeast Pacific Ocean between Hawaii and Baja California with decreased evaporation over the ocean, thus increasing sea surface temperatures (SST); and the reverse during its negative ...