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Measuring Sea Ice Mass Balance. Sea ice mass balance is the balance of how much the ice grows in the winter and melts in the summer. For Arctic sea ice virtually all of the growth occurs on the bottom of the ice. Melting occurs on both the top and the bottom of the ice.
Sea ice freeboard is the difference between the height of the surface of sea ice and the water in open leads. Since 85–95% of snow-free sea ice is usually located below the waterline, the computation of the thickness is fairly simple; [ 3 ] however, accurate measurement of ice freeboard is hindered by several factors including snow cover, and ...
An ice mass balance buoy (IMB) allows scientists studying sea ice to measure its temperature and the evolution of its interfaces remotely. The autonomous mass balance buoys usually consist of a data controller module and a temperature string.
Researchers hope the new tool that measures sea ice depth will help them understand the Arctic environment. Sea ice is thinning. Here’s how Boise State researchers are measuring its change
Sea ice concentration is a useful variable for climate scientists and nautical navigators. It is defined as the area of sea ice relative to the total at a given point in the ocean . This article will deal primarily with its determination from remote sensing measurements.
Satellite study of sea ice began in 1979 and became a much more reliable measure of long-term changes in sea ice. In comparison to the extended record, the sea-ice extent in the polar region by September 2007 was only half the recorded mass that had been estimated to exist within the 1950–1970 period. [23]
As the climate warms, the area covered by snow or sea ice decreases. After sea ice melts, more energy is absorbed by the ocean, so it warms up. This ice-albedo feedback is a self-reinforcing feedback of climate change. [72] Large-scale measurements of sea ice have only been possible since satellites came into use. [73] Sea ice in the Arctic has ...
Snow Radar - The CReSIS Snow Radar instrument is used to measure the thickness of snow layers on top of land and sea ice. Measuring snow thickness is crucial for estimating sea ice thickness. [10] Ku-band Radar Altimeter - IceBridge also carries a Ku band radar altimeter, which can penetrate snow layers to measure sea and land ice surface ...