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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 January 2025. Cell division producing haploid gametes For the figure of speech, see Meiosis (figure of speech). For the process whereby cell nuclei divide to produce two copies of themselves, see Mitosis. For excessive constriction of the pupils, see Miosis. For the parasitic infestation, see Myiasis ...
Meiosis generates genetic variation in the diploid cell, in part by the exchange of genetic information between the pairs of chromosomes after they align (recombination). Thus, on this view, [28] an advantage of meiosis is that it facilitates the generation of genomic diversity among progeny, allowing adaptation to adverse changes in the ...
Fluorescence microscope image of two mouse cell nuclei in prophase (scale bar is 5 μm). [2] Prophase (from Ancient Greek προ- 'before' and φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is the first stage of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis. Beginning after interphase, DNA has already been replicated when the cell enters prophase.
During the phase of meiosis labeled “interphase s” in the meiosis diagram there is a round of DNA replication, so that each of the chromosomes initially present is now composed of two copies called chromatids. These chromosomes (paired chromatids) then pair with the homologous chromosome (also paired chromatids) present in the same nucleus ...
During G 2, the cell undergoes the final stages of growth before it enters the M phase, where spindles are synthesized. The M phase can be either mitosis or meiosis depending on the type of cell. Germ cells, or gametes, undergo meiosis, while somatic cells will undergo mitosis. After the cell proceeds successfully through the M phase, it may ...
Crossing over occurs between prophase I and metaphase I and is the process where two homologous non-sister chromatids pair up with each other and exchange different segments of genetic material to form two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids. It can also happen during mitotic division, [1] which may result in loss of heterozygosity.
At birth, meiosis arrests at the diplotene phase of prophase I. [7] Oocytes will remain in this state until the time of puberty. At the time of ovulation a surge of LH initiates the resumption of meiosis and oocytes enter the second cycle, which is known as oocyte maturation. Meiosis is then arrested again during metaphase 2 until fertilisation ...
The finding of an interaction between a SC structural component [synaptonemal central element protein 2 (SYCE2)] and recombinational repair protein RAD51 also suggests a role for the SC in DNA repair. In cell development the synaptonemal complex disappears during the late prophase of meiosis I. It is formed during zygotene.