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Cycle graph, a graph that consists of a single cycle; Chordal graph, a graph in which every induced cycle is a triangle; Directed acyclic graph, a directed graph with no directed cycles; Forest, a cycle-free graph; Line perfect graph, a graph in which every odd cycle is a triangle; Perfect graph, a graph with no induced cycles or their ...
If a line, curve or closed curve is used as start point for a continuous set of streamlines, the result is a stream surface. In the case of a closed curve in a steady flow, fluid that is inside a stream surface must remain forever within that same stream surface, because the streamlines are tangent to the flow velocity.
The curve of fastest descent is not a straight or polygonal line (blue) but a cycloid (red).. In physics and mathematics, a brachistochrone curve (from Ancient Greek βράχιστος χρόνος (brákhistos khrónos) 'shortest time'), [1] or curve of fastest descent, is the one lying on the plane between a point A and a lower point B, where B is not directly below A, on which a bead slides ...
The circuit rank controls the number of ears in an ear decomposition of a graph, a partition of the edges of the graph into paths and cycles that is useful in many graph algorithms. In particular, a graph is 2-vertex-connected if and only if it has an open ear decomposition. This is a sequence of subgraphs, where the first subgraph is a simple ...
Alternatively, if the edges of the graph have positive weights, the minimum weight cycle basis may be constructed in polynomial time. In planar graphs, the set of bounded cycles of an embedding of the graph forms a cycle basis. The minimum weight cycle basis of a planar graph corresponds to the Gomory–Hu tree of the dual graph.
In contrast with the polynomial-time recognition of planar graphs, it is NP-complete to determine whether a hypergraph has a planar subdivision drawing, [26] but the existence of a drawing of this type may be tested efficiently when the adjacency pattern of the regions is constrained to be a path, cycle, or tree.
A Hamiltonian cycle, Hamiltonian circuit, vertex tour or graph cycle is a cycle that visits each vertex exactly once. A graph that contains a Hamiltonian cycle is called a Hamiltonian graph . Similar notions may be defined for directed graphs , where each edge (arc) of a path or cycle can only be traced in a single direction (i.e., the vertices ...
The cycle rank of a directed acyclic graph is 0, while a complete digraph of order n with a self-loop at each vertex has cycle rank n.Apart from these, the cycle rank of a few other digraphs is known: the undirected path of order n, which possesses a symmetric edge relation and no self-loops, has cycle rank ⌊ ⌋ (McNaughton 1969).