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  2. Multiset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset

    The cardinality or "size" of a multiset is the sum of the multiplicities of all its elements. For example, in the multiset {a, a, b, b, b, c} the multiplicities of the members a, b, and c are respectively 2, 3, and 1, and therefore the cardinality of this multiset is 6.

  3. HyperLogLog - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperLogLog

    HyperLogLog is an algorithm for the count-distinct problem, approximating the number of distinct elements in a multiset. [1] Calculating the exact cardinality of the distinct elements of a multiset requires an amount of memory proportional to the cardinality, which is impractical for very large data sets. Probabilistic cardinality estimators ...

  4. Cardinality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality

    The cardinality of a set A is defined as its equivalence class under equinumerosity. A representative set is designated for each equivalence class. The most common choice is the initial ordinal in that class. This is usually taken as the definition of cardinal number in axiomatic set theory.

  5. Metric dimension (graph theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_dimension_(graph...

    In graph theory, the metric dimension of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a subset S of vertices such that all other vertices are uniquely determined by their distances to the vertices in S. Finding the metric dimension of a graph is an NP-hard problem; the decision version, determining whether the metric dimension is less than a given ...

  6. Set (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)

    In some cases a multiset in this counting sense may be generalized to allow negative values, as in Python. C++'s Standard Template Library implements both sorted and unsorted multisets. It provides the multiset class for the sorted multiset, as a kind of associative container, which implements this multiset using a self-balancing binary search ...

  7. Cardinal assignment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_assignment

    The oldest definition of the cardinality of a set X (implicit in Cantor and explicit in Frege and Principia Mathematica) is as the set of all sets that are equinumerous with X: this does not work in ZFC or other related systems of axiomatic set theory because this collection is too large to be a set, but it does work in type theory and in New ...

  8. He lost his son to suicide after a ‘sextortion’ scam. The ...

    www.aol.com/news/nigerian-man-extradited-us-face...

    A Nigerian man has been extradited to the US to face charges in the “sextortion” of a South Carolina teen who died by suicide in 2022. Prosecutors allege the scammer posed as a young woman ...

  9. Paradoxes of set theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxes_of_set_theory

    Then an ordinal number is, by definition, a class consisting of all well-ordered sets of the same order type. To have the same order type is an equivalence relation on the class of well-ordered sets, and the ordinal numbers are the equivalence classes. Two sets of the same order type have the same cardinality.