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Brushes used to collect samples for cytology. Liquid-based cytology is a method of preparing samples for examination in cytopathology.The sample is collected, normally by a small brush, in the same way as for a conventional smear test, but rather than the smear being transferred directly to a microscope slide, the sample is deposited into a small bottle of preservative liquid.
In a 1966 paper, Watson P. described the first cytocentrifuge, calling it "an apparatus for concentrating cells in suspension onto a microscope slide". [12] The device was sold commercially in the 1970s and in 1983 it was patented by Shandon (now Thermo Scientific). As of 2012, numerous brands of cytocentrifuge exist on the market. [8]
Further information about the specimen may be gained by immunohistochemical stains and molecular testing, particularly if the sample is prepared using liquid based cytology. Often "reflex" testing is performed, such as HPV testing on an abnormal pap test or flow cytometry on a lymphoma specimen.
Major applications include blood smears, bone marrow aspirates, semen analysis and cytology of various body fluids including urine and cerebrospinal fluid. [7] [8] Microbiologic agents, such as bacteria and fungi, also appear more easily in Diff-Quik. [3] This is useful for the detection of for example Helicobacter pylori from gastric and ...
This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. The lifespan of most cells is genetically determined, but some cell-culturing cells have ...
Sample collection for thin-prep-cytology from the cervix uteri of a 39-years-old multiparous woman. The cervical brush is visible just before entering the cervix uteri. Brush utilized in cervical screening exams to collect samples. The procedures for testing women using Pap smear, liquid-based cytology, or HPV testing are similar.
The intraoperative consultation is the name given to the whole intervention by the pathologist, which includes not only frozen section but also gross evaluation of the specimen, examination of cytology preparations taken on the specimen (e.g. touch imprints), and aliquoting of the specimen for special studies (e.g. molecular pathology ...
Papanicolaou staining, or PAP staining, was developed to replace fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in hopes of decreasing staining times and cost without compromising quality. This stain is a frequently used method for examining cell samples from a variety of tissue types in various organs.