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A computed tomography urography (CT urography or CT urogram) is a computed tomography scan that examines the urinary tract after contrast dye is injected into a vein. [1] In a CT urogram, the contrast agent is through a cannula into a vein, allowed to be cleared by the kidneys and excreted through the urinary tract as part of the urine. [1]
Spot images are taken at 30 to 45 degrees to visualise the entire spongy urethra (penile urethra). [ 4 ] If there is no contraindication to full urinary catheterisation such as false passage or stricture, the urinary catheter should be inserted until the urinary bladder to perform voiding cystourethrography to visualise the prostatic urethra ...
Abdominal imaging is associated with many potential uses for the different phases of contrast CT.The majority of abdominal and pelvic CT's can be performed using a single-phase, but the evaluation of some tumor types (hepatic/pancreatic/renal), the urinary collecting system, and trauma patients among others, may be best performed with multiple phases.
Pyelogram (or pyelography or urography) is a form of imaging of the renal pelvis and ureter. [1] Types include: Intravenous pyelogram – In which a contrast solution is introduced through a vein into the circulatory system.
CT cystography is performed by filling up the urinary bladder using diluted iodinated contrast to visualise any bladder injury if the subject has haematuria (blood in urine) post trauma. Since CT cystography can be done together with CT abdomen and pelvis , it has supplanted conventional cystography in such cases.
Fluoroscopic spot images and videos are taken during the micturition phase to detect any reflux. The lower ureter is best seen on an anterior oblique position. In males, peeing should be done in oblique or lateral positions to visualise the whole of urethra. Finally, the whole abdomen is imaged to detect any undetected reflux in previous images.
Volume rendering techniques have been developed to enable CT, MRI and ultrasound scanning software to produce 3D images for the physician. [24] Traditionally CT and MRI scans produced 2D static output on film. To produce 3D images, many scans are made and then combined by computers to produce a 3D model, which can then be manipulated by the ...
Hence, there is a clear trade-off between the rotation speed of the gantry (i.e. time resolution) and the quality of the reconstructed images. Motion vector based Iterative Techniques are available which reconstruct a particular time frame by including the projections of neighbouring time frames as well.