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Illustration showing Akin osteotomy correction of the big toe. Akin osteotomy is a surgical procedure often used in the treatment of hallux valgus deformity, more commonly known as a bunion. [1] A bunion is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe, often resulting in the toe pointing abnormally toward the second toe.
The hallux valgus angle (HVA) is the angle between the long axes of the proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal bone of the big toe. It is considered abnormal if greater than 15–18°. [11] The following HV angles can also be used to grade the severity of hallux valgus: [12] [unreliable medical source?] Mild: 15–20° Moderate: 21–39 ...
Hallux varus is a clinical condition characterized by medial deviation of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. [ 2 ] This condition, when acquired by adults, is usually caused by sports injury, surgical overcorrection of hallux valgus , or underlying causes such as arthritides .
Tailor's bunion, also known as digitus quintus varus or bunionette, is a condition caused as a result of inflammation of the fifth metatarsal bone at the base of the little toe. [1] It is usually characterized by inflammation, pain and redness of the little toe. Often a tailor's bunion is caused by a faulty mechanical structure of the foot.
A foot deformity is a disorder of the foot that can be congenital or acquired.. Above is a foot of a black boy who did not wear shoes, and below is another foot of a white boy.
It is correct for a knock-kneed deformity to be called both a varus deformity at the hip (coxa vara) and a valgus deformity at the knee (genu valgum); although the common terminology is to simply refer to it as a valgus knee. When the terminology refers to a bone rather than a joint, the distal segment of the bone is being described.
Hallux rigidus or stiff big toe is degenerative arthritis and stiffness due to bone spurs that affects the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) at the base of the hallux (big toe). Hallux flexus was initially described by Davies-Colley [ 1 ] in 1887 as a plantar flexed posture of phalanx relative to the metatarsal head.
A hammer toe, hammertoe or contracted toe is a deformity of the muscles and ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second, third, fourth, or fifth toe, bending it into a shape resembling a hammer. In the early stage, a flexible hammertoe is movable at the joints; a rigid hammertoe joint cannot be moved and usually requires surgery.