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In the 1960s and 1970s, John Vane and others discovered the basic mechanism of aspirin's effects, [3]: 226–231 while clinical trials and other studies from the 1960s to the 1980s established aspirin's efficacy as an anti-clotting agent that reduces the risk of clotting diseases.
Aspirin is also used long-term to help prevent further heart attacks, ischaemic strokes, and blood clots in people at high risk. [10] For pain or fever, effects typically begin within 30 minutes. [10] Aspirin works similarly to other NSAIDs but also suppresses the normal functioning of platelets. [10] One common adverse effect is an upset ...
Felix Hoffmann (21 January 1868 – 8 February 1946) was a German chemist notable for re-synthesising diamorphine (independently from C.R. Alder Wright who synthesized it 23 years earlier), which was popularized under the Bayer trade name of "heroin".
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Seeds likely used for herbalism have been found in archaeological sites of Bronze Age China dating from the Shang dynasty [10] (c. 1600 BCE–c. 1046 BCE). Over a hundred of the 224 drugs mentioned in the Huangdi Neijing – an early Chinese medical text – are herbs. [ 11 ]
Bayer contends that aspirin was discovered by Felix Hoffmann to help his father, who had arthritis. [29] Various sources support the conflicting claims. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] Most mainstream historians attribute the invention of aspirin to Hoffmann and/or Eichengrün.
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375 – Ephrem the Syrian opened a hospital at Edessa [17] They spread out and specialized nosocomia for the sick, brephotrophia for foundlings, orphanotrophia for orphans, ptochia for the poor, xenodochia for poor or infirm pilgrims, and gerontochia for the old. [17] 400 – The first hospital in Latin Christendom was founded by Fabiola at ...