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The Code contains both mandatory regulations and recommended provisions, setting out the minimum stability standards for ships. [6] This includes information on precautions against capsizing, metacentric heights (GM), righting levers (GZ), rolling criteria, Free surface effect and watertight integrity. [1]
SOLAS 1974 requires flag states to ensure that ships flagged by them comply with the minimum safety standards in the construction, equipment and operation of merchant ships. The treaty includes articles setting out general obligations, etc., followed by an annexe divided into twelve chapters, two new chapters were added in 2016 and 2017. [2]
The stability conditions of watercraft are the various standard loading configurations to which a ship, boat, or offshore platform may be subjected. They are recognized by classification societies such as Det Norske Veritas , Lloyd's Register and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity , centers of buoyancy , the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
The Protocol of 1988 relating to the LL 1966 (LL PROT 1988) has 10 amendments, the last one is from 2018, but this amendment is related only to the International Code on Intact Stability, 2008. Provisions
Construction and arrangement 178 Intact stability and seaworthiness 179 Subdivision, damage stability, and watertight integrity 180 Lifesaving equipment and arrangements 181 Fire protection equipment: 182 Machinery installation 183 Electrical installation 184 Vessel control and miscellaneous systems and equipment 185 Operations 186-187 [Reserved]
Collapsed barn at Hörsne, Gotland, Sweden Building collapse due to snow weight. Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order to prevent failures in future designs.
A clear distinction is made between the ultimate state (US) and the ultimate limit state (ULS). The Ultimate State is a physical situation that involves either excessive deformations sufficient to cause collapse of the component under consideration or the structure as a whole, or deformations exceeding values considered to be the acceptable tolerance.