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Chernozem (/ ˈ tʃ ɜːr n ə z ɛ m / CHUR-nə-zem), [a] also called black soil, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus [3] (4% to 16%) and high percentages of phosphorus and ammonia compounds. [4] Chernozem is very fertile soil and can produce high agricultural yields with its high ...
Agriculture in Russia is an important part of the economy of the Russian Federation. The agricultural sector survived a severe transition decline in the early 1990s as it struggled to transform from a command economy to a market-oriented system . [ 1 ]
The area contains a biosphere nature reserve called Central Black Earth Nature Reserve (42 km 2 (16 sq mi)), which was created in 1935 within the Kursk and Belgorod oblasts. A prime specimen of forest steppe in Europe, the nature reserve consists of typical virgin land (целина, celina ) steppes and deciduous forests.
Chernozem [3] (Russian: чернозём; from Russian черный, cherniy, "black" + Slavonic base зем, zem, "soil") A dark, humus-rich, fertile soil characteristic of temperate or cool grasslands, especially referring to the soil of the Russian steppes.
This article includes the table with land use statistics by country.Countries are ranked by their total cultivated land area, which is the sum of the total arable land area and total area of permanent crops.
Russia's vast stretch of land along the Arctic Ocean and the Russian Arctic islands have a polar climate. [ 32 ] The coastal part of Krasnodar Krai on the Black Sea, most notably Sochi , and some coastal and interior strips of the North Caucasus possess a humid subtropical climate with mild and wet winters.
Soil scientists use the capital letters O, A, B, C, and E to identify the master horizons, and lowercase letters for distinctions of these horizons. Most soils have three major horizons—the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but this horizon can also be buried.
Agriculture in the Russian Empire throughout the 19th-20th centuries Russia represented a major world force, yet it lagged technologically behind other developed countries. Imperial Russia (officially founded in 1721 and abolished in 1917) was amongst the largest exporters of agricultural produce, especially wheat .