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  2. Piling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piling

    Screw piles, also called helical piers and screw foundations, have been used as foundations since the mid 19th century in screw-pile lighthouses. [citation needed] Screw piles are galvanized iron pipe with helical fins that are turned into the ground by machines to the required depth. The screw distributes the load to the soil and is sized ...

  3. Screw piles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_piles

    Screw foundations first appeared in the 1800s as pile foundations for lighthouses, [4] and were extensively used for piers in harbours. Between the 1850s through 1890s, more than 100 screw-pile lighthouses were erected on the east coast of the United States using screw piles. Made originally from cast or wrought iron, they had limited bearing ...

  4. Timber pilings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_pilings

    Timber-pile bridge with steel stringers, New Jersey. Timber pilings serve as the foundations of many historic structures such as canneries, wharves, and shore buildings. The old pilings present challenging problems during restoration as they age and are destroyed by organisms and decay. Replacing the foundation entirely is possible but expensive.

  5. Grade beam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_beam

    A grade beam or grade beam footing is a component of a building's foundation. It consists of a reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into spaced foundations such as pile caps or caissons. [1] It is used in conditions where the surface soil's load-bearing capacity is less than the anticipated design loads.

  6. Franki piling system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franki_Piling_System

    Franki piles can be used as high-capacity deep foundation elements without the necessity of excavation or dewatering. [4] They are useful in conditions where a sufficient bearing soil can only be reached deeper in the ground, [5] [6] and are best suited to granular soil where bearing is primarily achieved from the densification of the soil around the base. [4]

  7. Underpinning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underpinning

    Mini-piled underpinning is generally used when the loads from the foundations need to be transferred to stable soils at considerable depths – usually in excess of 5 m (16 ft). Mini-piles may either be augured or driven steel cased, and are normally between 150 mm (5.9 in) and 300 mm (12 in) in diameter.

  8. Foundation (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)

    Many monopile foundations [10] have been used in recent years for economically constructing fixed-bottom offshore wind farms in shallow-water subsea locations. [11] For example, a single wind farm off the coast of England went online in 2008 with over 100 turbines, each mounted on a 4.74-meter-diameter monopile footing in ocean depths up to 16 ...

  9. Pile bridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_bridge

    A pile bridge is a structure that uses foundations consisting of long poles (referred to as piles), which are made of wood, concrete or steel and which are hammered into the soft soils beneath the bridge until the end of the pile reaches a hard layer of compacted soil or rock. Piles in such cases are hammered to a depth where the grip or ...

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