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Hypotension, also known as low blood pressure, is a cardiovascular condition characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure. [1] Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood [2] and is indicated by two numbers, the systolic blood pressure (the top number) and the diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number), which are the ...
Some causes of orthostatic hypotension include neurodegenerative disorders, low blood volume (e.g. caused by dehydration, bleeding, or the use of diuretics), drugs that cause vasodilation, other types of drugs (notably, narcotics and marijuana), discontinuation of vasoconstrictors, prolonged bed rest (immobility), significant recent weight loss ...
The concomitant presence of hypoxia and hypotension upon admission resulted in a 75% mortality. [20] Evidence strongly suggests that the avoidance or minimization of hypotension during the acute and postinjury period following traumatic brain injury had the highest likelihood of improving outcomes of any one single therapeutic maneuver. [21]
Both hypertension and hypotension have many causes and may be of sudden onset or of long duration. Long-term hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases, including stroke , heart disease , and kidney failure .
Low blood pressure and tachycardia are often seen in shock. Other symptoms depend on the underlying cause. [4] The physiology of obstructive shock is similar to cardiogenic shock. In both types, the heart's output of blood (cardiac output) is decreased. This causes a back-up of blood into the veins entering the right atrium. [3]
The blood vessels of individuals with vasospastic syndrome respond to stimuli insufficiently. If an identifiable disease does not cause this, it is called a primary vascular dysregulation (PVD); in case of an underlying disease, it is called secondary PVD. PVD is almost always associated with other vascular and non-vascular symptoms and signs. [19]
Children with Liddle syndrome are frequently asymptomatic. The first indication of the syndrome often is the incidental finding of hypertension during a routine physical exam. Because this syndrome is rare, it may only be considered by the treating physician after the child's hypertension does not respond to medications for lowering blood pressure.
Tumors on the pituitary gland or cancer metastasis can also cause adrenal insufficiency. [10] Exogenous steroid use is the most frequent cause of adrenal insufficiency, and those who use steroids also run the risk of experiencing an adrenal crisis. Adrenal crisis can be triggered by abrupt, and frequently unintentional, steroid withdrawal.