Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacterium Leptospira [8] that can infect humans, dogs, rodents and many other wild and domesticated animals. [8] Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild ( headaches , muscle pains , and fevers ) to severe ( bleeding in the lungs or meningitis ). [ 5 ]
In particular, L. interrogans cells survive and multiply at an optimal rate in the kidneys. The pathogen mostly spreads through the bodily fluids of infected animals. [17] Rats are the primary carrier of leptospirosis but do not present any symptoms, transmitting the pathogen through urine, which is able to persist in freshwater. [27]
An unusual feature of leptospiral LPS is that it activates host cells via TLR2 rather than TLR4. [27] The unique structure of the lipid A portion of the LPS molecule may account for this observation. [28] Finally, the LPS O antigen content of L. interrogans differs in an acutely infected versus a chronically infected animal. [29]
A zoonosis (/ z oʊ ˈ ɒ n ə s ɪ s, ˌ z oʊ ə ˈ n oʊ s ɪ s / ⓘ; [1] plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion) that can jump from a non-human vertebrate to a human.
The United Stated Department of Agriculture on Wednesday, June 21 permitted two California firms to sell the products, known as The post EXPLAINER: Chicken made from cells in a lab; what it is and ...
Different viruses can infect all the organs and tissues of the body and the outcomes range from mild or no symptoms, to life-threatening diseases. [5] Humans cannot be infected by plant or insect viruses, but they are susceptible to infections with viruses from other vertebrates. These are called viral zoonoses or zoonotic infections. [6]
For this reason, these viruses are called positive-sense RNA viruses. [35] In other RNA viruses, the RNA is a complementary copy of mRNA and these viruses rely on the cell's or their own enzyme to make mRNA. These are called negative-sense RNA viruses. In viruses made from DNA, the method of mRNA production is similar to that of the cell.
Each face in turn is formed by a repetition of simpler sub-units, with the amount of repetitions called a triangulation number (T). Similar capsid structures can be used by many different types of viruses. [3] In many viruses, the virions have icosahedral symmetry, which can be ideally isometric or elongated. Many virions also have other shapes: