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Asset and liability management (often abbreviated ALM) is the term covering tools and techniques used by a bank or other corporate to minimise exposure to market risk and liquidity risk through holding the optimum combination of assets and liabilities. [1]
Asset management is a systematic approach to the governance and realization of all value for which a group or entity is responsible. It may apply both to tangible assets (physical objects such as complex process or manufacturing plants, infrastructure, buildings or equipment) and to intangible assets (such as intellectual property, goodwill or financial assets).
Formally, the duration gap is the difference between the duration - i.e. the average maturity - of assets and liabilities held by a financial entity. [3] A related approach is to see the "duration gap" as the difference in the price sensitivity of interest-yielding assets and the price sensitivity of liabilities (of the organization) to a change in market interest rates (yields).
Managing any potential asset liability mismatch or duration gap entails matching the assets and liabilities respectively according to maturity pattern ("cashflow matching") or duration ("immunization"); managing this relationship in the short-term is a major function of working capital management, as discussed below.
In essence, the liability-driven investment strategy (LDI) is an investment strategy of a company or individual based on the cash flows needed to fund future liabilities. It is sometimes referred to as a " dedicated portfolio " strategy.
Treasury management (or treasury operations) entails management of an enterprise's financial holdings, focusing on [1] the firm's liquidity, and mitigating its financial-, operational-and reputational risk. Treasury Management's scope thus includes the firm's collections, disbursements, concentration, investment and funding activities.
Collateral management is the method of granting, verifying, and giving advice on collateral transactions in order to reduce credit risk in unsecured financial transactions. The fundamental idea of collateral management is very simple, that is cash or securities are passed from one counterparty to another as security for a credit exposure. [ 9 ]
The accounting equation relates assets, liabilities, and owner's equity: Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity. The accounting equation is the mathematical structure of the balance sheet. Probably the most accepted accounting definition of liability is the one used by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The following is a ...