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In Euclidean geometry, the intersecting chords theorem, or just the chord theorem, is a statement that describes a relation of the four line segments created by two intersecting chords within a circle. It states that the products of the lengths of the line segments on each chord are equal.
In geometry, a cevian is a line segment which joins a vertex of a triangle to a point on the opposite side of the triangle. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Medians and angle bisectors are special cases of cevians. The name "cevian" comes from the Italian mathematician Giovanni Ceva , who proved a well-known theorem about cevians which also bears his name.
The pedal triangles of the first and second Brocard points are congruent to each other and similar to the original triangle. [4] If the lines AP, BP, CP, each through one of a triangle's vertices and its first Brocard point, intersect the triangle's circumcircle at points L, M, N, then the triangle LMN is congruent with the original triangle ABC.
The theorem follows directly from the fact that the triangles PAC and PBD are similar. They share ∠ DPC and ∠ ADB = ∠ ACB as they are inscribed angles over AB . The similarity yields an equation for ratios which is equivalent to the equation of the theorem given above: P A P C = P B P D ⇔ | P A | ⋅ | P D | = | P B | ⋅ | P C ...
Diagram of Stewart's theorem. Let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides of a triangle. Let d be the length of a cevian to the side of length a.If the cevian divides the side of length a into two segments of length m and n, with m adjacent to c and n adjacent to b, then Stewart's theorem states that + = (+).
Analogous to straight line segments above, one can also define arcs as segments of a curve. In one-dimensional space, a ball is a line segment. An oriented plane segment or bivector generalizes the directed line segment. Beyond Euclidean geometry, geodesic segments play the role of line segments.
In a right triangle, the altitude drawn to the hypotenuse c divides the hypotenuse into two segments of lengths p and q. If we denote the length of the altitude by h c , we then have the relation h c = p q {\displaystyle h_{c}={\sqrt {pq}}} ( Geometric mean theorem ; see Special Cases , inverse Pythagorean theorem )
The two diagonals of a convex quadrilateral are the line segments that connect opposite vertices. The two bimedians of a convex quadrilateral are the line segments that connect the midpoints of opposite sides. [12] They intersect at the "vertex centroid" of the quadrilateral (see § Remarkable points and lines in a convex quadrilateral below).
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related to: special segments of triangles pdf download class 10 notes