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Fatty infiltration helps explain why obesity is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in one fifth of patients. [62] Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of heart failure by 11 per 1000, kidney problems by 6 per 1000, death by 4 per 1000, stroke by 3 per 1000, and coronary heart disease by 1 per 1000. [161]
There is no evidence that digoxin reduces mortality in CHF, although some studies suggest a decreased rate in hospital admissions. [27] It is contraindicated in cardiac tamponade and restrictive cardiomyopathy. The inotropic agent dobutamine is advised only in the short-term use of acutely decompensated heart failure, and has no other uses. [13]
Treatment primarily focuses on restoring normal heart rhythm and controlling the heart rate to minimise the risk of complications, including stroke. According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, intravenous digoxin (cardiac glycoside) can be used in atrial fibrillation (Afib) to assist heartbeats. [90]
Congestive heart failure patients that were implanted with an ICD had an all-cause death risk 23% lower than placebo and an absolute decrease in mortality of 7.2 percentage points after five years in the overall population. 1 Reporting in 1999, the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial consisted of 1,016 patients, and ...
Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) is a sudden unexpected death of adolescents and adults caused by a cardiac arrest. However, the exact cause of the cardiac arrest, and thus the exact cause of death, is unknown. These deaths occur mainly during sleep or at rest. [7] One type of conduction defect known as Brugada syndrome can be ...
Idraparinux sodium is an anticoagulant medication in development by Sanofi-Aventis. [1]It has a similar chemical structure and the same method of action as fondaparinux, but with an elimination half-life about five to six times longer (an increase from fondaparinux's 17 hours to approximately 80 hours), which means that the drug should only need to be injected once a week.
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
In clinical use, the CHADS 2 score has been superseded by the CHA 2 DS 2-VASc score, which gives a better stratification of low-risk patients. The CHADS 2 score has been outperformed by the CHA 2 DS 2-VASc in multiple patient groups including patients with AF who are receiving outpatient elective electrical cardioversion. [9]
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