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chmod: Changes the permissions of a file or directory cp: Copies a file or directory dd: Copies and converts a file df: Shows disk free space on file systems dir: Is exactly like "ls -C -b". (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically.) dircolors: Set up color for ls: install: Copies files and set attributes ln: Creates a link ...
Adds read permission for all classes (i.e. user, Group and Others) chmod a-x publicComments.txt: Removes execute permission for all classes chmod a+rx viewer.sh: Adds read and execute permissions for all classes chmod u=rw,g=r,o= internalPlan.txt: Sets read and write permission for user, sets read for Group, and denies access for Others
The original File Allocation Table file system has a per-file all-user read-only attribute. NTFS implemented in Microsoft Windows NT and its derivatives, use ACLs [1] to provide a complex set of permissions. OpenVMS uses a permission scheme similar to that of Unix. There are four categories (system, owner, group, and world) and four types of ...
chattr is the command in Linux that allows a user to set certain attributes of a file. lsattr is the command that displays the attributes of a file.. Most BSD-like systems, including macOS, have always had an analogous chflags command to set the attributes, but no command specifically meant to display them; specific options to the ls command are used instead.
Specifically, when Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie were migrating Unix to a PDP-11, the contents of the /bin and /lib directories, which were to be the first directories mounted on startup and to contain all essentials for the OS to function, became too large to fit on an RK05 disk drive. So they put some of those files on a second RK05, making ...
The setuid and setgid bits are normally represented as the values 4 for setuid and 2 for setgid in the high-order octal digit of the file mode. For example, 6711 has both the setuid and setgid bits (4 + 2 = 6) set, and also the file read/write/executable for the owner (7), and executable by the group (first 1) and others (second 1).
A symbolic link is a reference to another file. This special file is stored as a textual representation of the referenced file's path (which means the destination may be a relative path, or may not exist at all). A symbolic link is marked with an l (lower case L) as the first letter of the mode string, e.g. in this abbreviated ls -l output: [5]
Due to the implementation of omitting the hierarchical files from directory listings, all files prefixed with a . character were omitted, resulting in the introduction of a mechanism for hidden files. [6] A convention arose of using dotfiles in the user's home directory to store per-user configuration or informational text.