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SONET/SDH is not a complete communications protocol in itself, but a transport protocol (not a "transport" in the OSI Model sense). Due to SONET/SDH's essential protocol neutrality and transport-oriented features, SONET/SDH was the choice for transporting the fixed length Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) frames also known as cells. It quickly ...
The G.709 OTUk signal is positioned as a server layer signal for various client signals, e.g. SDH/SONET, ATM, IP, Ethernet, Fibre Channel and OTN ODUk (where k=0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 3e2, 4 or flex). [3] Work on support for InfiniBand and Common Public Radio Interface client signals is currently [ when? ] in progress.
Packet over SONET/SDH, abbreviated POS, is a communications protocol for transmitting packets in the form of the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) over SDH or SONET, which are both standard protocols for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fibre at high line rates. POS is defined by RFC 2615 ...
OTN was designed to provide higher throughput (currently 400G) than its predecessor SONET/SDH, which stops at 40 Gbit/s, per channel. ITU-T Recommendation G.709 is commonly called Optical Transport Network (OTN) (also called digital wrapper technology or optical channel wrapper ).
Ethernet over PDH over SONET/SDH (EoPoS) is one of many techniques that provided Ethernet connectivity over non-Ethernet networks. EoPoS is a standardized method for transporting native Ethernet frames over the existing telecommunications optical infrastructure use both the established Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) transport technologies.
At the end of 2003, sales of multiservice ADMs exceeded those of legacy ADMs for the first time, as the change to next-generation SONET/SDH networks accelerated. An emerging variety of ADMs that is becoming popular as the carriers continue to invest in metro optical networks are reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs).
Other recent SONET/SDH enhancements include Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS), and the Generic Framing Procedure (GFP). In conjunction with LCAS and GFP, Virtual Concatenation gives the advantage of splitting the required bandwidth equally among a set number of sub paths called Virtual Tributaries (VT).
After traversing SDH paths, the traffic is processed in the reverse fashion: virtual concatenation path processing to recreate the original synchronous byte stream, followed by decapsulation to converting the synchronous data stream to an asynchronous stream of Ethernet frames. The SDH paths may be VC-4, VC-3, VC-12 or VC-11 paths.