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To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used almost exclusively, having largely replaced sodium thiopental. [13]It is often administered as part of an anesthesia maintenance technique called total intravenous anesthesia, using either manually programmed infusion pumps or computer-controlled infusion pumps in a process called target controlled infusion (TCI).
Propofol-based TIVA significantly improves post-operative recovery profile and comfort, minimizes nausea and vomiting, facilitates rapid recovery, greater hemodynamic stability, preservation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, reduction in intracerebral pressure, and reduces the risk of organ toxicity. [14]
After the anesthetist sets the desired parameters in a computer and presses the start button, the system controls the infusion pump, while being monitored by the anesthetist. [1] TCI is as safe and effective as manually controlled infusion. [2] [3] TCI can be sub-classified according to the target.
Baxter International was founded in 1931 by Donald Baxter, a Los Angeles-based medical doctor, as a manufacturer and distributor of intravenous therapy solutions. [4] Seeing a need for products closer to the Midwest, the company opened a manufacturing plant in Glenview, Illinois, in 1933. [4]
Hospira was an American global pharmaceutical and medical device company with headquarters in Lake Forest, Illinois.It had approximately 19,000 employees. [1] Before its acquisition by Pfizer, Hospira was the world's largest producer of generic injectable pharmaceuticals, [2] manufacturing generic acute-care and oncology injectables, as well as integrated infusion therapy and medication ...
Fospropofol is metabolized in the liver by alkaline phosphatases to propofol, formaldehyde, and phosphate.The hepatic metabolism of this prodrug to an active metabolite means that peak plasma levels of propofol after the administration of a bolus of fospropofol are lower than for an equipotent dose of propofol and also that its clinical effect is more sustained.
A euthanasia solution is a drug-containing aqueous solution for intentionally ending life to either relieve pain and suffering or execute convicts. [1] The drugs used in euthanasia solution do not only need to be safe to personnel, but they also need to have a rapid onset of action and minimize the possible pain felt by humans and animals. [2]
Propofol-based anesthetic techniques result in significant concentrations of propofol in follicular fluid. As propofol has been shown to have deleterious effects on oocyte fertilization (in a mouse model), some authors have suggested that the dose of propofol administered during anesthesia should be limited, and also that the retrieved oocytes ...