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Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is most commonly used in dental procedures to numb the area around a tooth [1] and is also used to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin. Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain or Novocaine, in some regions, procaine is referred to generically as ...
procaine: Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine 1904 (Alfred Einhorn) 1905 (Heinrich Braun) procainamide: proparacaine: proxymetacaine propoxycaine [16] Pyrrocaine [17] quinisocaine dimethisoquin [18] ropivacaine: Naropin 1957 (Ekenstam) 1997 trimecaine: Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain tetracaine: amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine
In root canal treatment, for example, more Lidocaine is required than for a simple filling. [2] Other local anesthetic agents in current use include articaine (also called septocaine or Ubistesin), bupivacaine (a long-acting anesthetic), prilocaine (also called Citanest), and mepivacaine (also called Carbocaine or Polocaine). Different types of ...
Structurally, amino esters consist of three molecular components: a lipophilic part (ester); an intermediate aliphatic chain; a hydrophilic part (amine); The chemical linkage between the lipophilic part and the intermediate chain can be of the amide-type or the ester-type, and is the general basis for the current classification of local anesthetics.
The effects are varied depending on the particular drug given. When anesthetists administer standard doses of these anesthetic drugs to a person with pseudocholinesterase deficiency, the patient experiences prolonged paralysis of the respiratory muscles, requiring an extended period of time during which the patient must be mechanically ventilated.
It is a form of penicillin which is a salt of benzylpenicillin and the local anaesthetic agent procaine. [9] The salt has weak solubility, and is prepared as a suspension. Upon injection it forms a deposit within tissue (a "depot'), and the salt slowly dissolves into interstitial fluid - dissociating the two molecules into their bioactive forms over an extended pe
Studies have shown that procaine, as an inhibitor of DNA methylation in breast cancer cells, can effectively cause hypomethylation and demethylation of the entire group of breast cancer cell DNA genomes by reducing 5-methylcytosine DNA content. [8] In addition, procaine can effectively restore the gene expression of tumor suppressor genes by ...
The Meyer-Overton correlation for anaesthetics. A nonspecific mechanism of general anaesthetic action was first proposed by Emil Harless and Ernst von Bibra in 1847. [9] They suggested that general anaesthetics may act by dissolving in the fatty fraction of brain cells and removing fatty constituents from them, thus changing activity of brain cells and inducing anaesthesia.