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2. Medium spiny neuron - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_spiny_neuron

   The balance of direct/indirect activity in movement is supported by evidence from neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by loss of dopamine neurons projecting to the striatum, hypoactivity in direct pathway and hyperactivity in indirect pathway neurons, along with motor dysfunction. [21]

3. Internal globus pallidus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_globus_pallidus

   As this pathway only contains one synapse (from the striatum to the internal globus pallidus), it is known as the direct pathway. [4] The direct pathway is modulated by stimulation of the GPi by the external globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus, via the indirect pathway. [5]

4. Direct pathway - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_pathway

   The direct pathway, sometimes known as the direct pathway of movement, is a neural pathway within the central nervous system (CNS) through the basal ganglia which facilitates the initiation and execution of voluntary movement. [1] It works in conjunction with the indirect pathway.

5. Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortico-basal_ganglia-th...

   Indirect and direct pathways.Some neuroanatomy is excluded for simplicity.. The two major input structures of the circuit are the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The striatum receives inputs from both the cortex and the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNc), while the STN only receives cortical inputs.

6. Nigrostriatal pathway - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrostriatal_pathway

   The substantia nigra is located in the ventral midbrain of each hemisphere. It has two distinct parts, the pars compacta (SNc) and the pars reticulata (SNr). The pars compacta contains dopaminergic neurons from the A9 cell group that forms the nigrostriatal pathway that, by supplying dopamine to the striatum, relays information to the basal ganglia.

7. Parkinson's disease could have 3 subtypes, researchers find - AOL

   www.aol.com/parkinsons-disease-could-3-subtypes...

   The three subgroups of Parkinson’s identified by the machine learning are based on the pace of the disease’s progression: Rapid Pace (PD-R), which is marked by rapid progression of symptoms.