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The psychoactive component of cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is not effective in treating emotion-regulation and anxiety-related symptoms. [20] Conversely, THC has been empirically related to an increase anxiety symptoms through impacts on neurological areas impacting serotonin, noradrenalin, GABA and glutamate. [20] [21] [22] [23]
A 2020 study published in the Journal of Translational Medicine noted that THC—the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis—has been noted to increase anxiety, while CBD—a cannabis ...
The UNODC states that cannabis often contains 5% THC content, resin "can contain up to 20% THC content", and that "Cannabis oil may contain more than 60% THC content." [ 145 ] Studies have found that the potency of illicit cannabis has greatly increased since the 1970s, with THC levels rising and CBD levels dropping.
THC has a low water solubility therefore it is most effective when ingested alongside a fatty meal or snack. [26] Not all hashish can be consumed orally as some is not decarboxylated during manufacture. Generally the methods are similar to overall cannabis consumption. As hashish’s active ingredient is THC, it has the same effects as cannabis.
Hash oil or cannabis oil is an oleoresin obtained by the extraction of cannabis or hashish. [1] It is a cannabis concentrate containing many of its resins and terpenes – in particular, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids. Hash oil is usually consumed by smoking, vaporizing or eating. [2]
[4] [20] CBD does not have the same psychoactivity as THC, [25] [26] and can modulate the psychoactive effects of THC on the body if both are present. [17] [25] [27] [28] Conversion of CBD to THC can occur when CBD is heated to temperatures between 250–300 °C, potentially leading to its partial transformation into THC. [29]
Cannabis contains over 100 different cannabinoid compounds, many of which have displayed psychoactive effects. The most distinguished cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), with THC being the primary psychoactive agent. [24] [12] The effects of THC and CBD are salient regarding psychosis and anxiety. [25]
Cannabidiol (CBD), which has no intoxicating effects by itself [55] (although sometimes showing a small stimulant effect, similar to caffeine), [106] is thought to attenuate (i.e., reduce) [107] the anxiety-inducing effects of high doses of THC, particularly if administered orally prior to THC exposure.