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A Brayton cycle that is driven in reverse uses work to move heat. This makes it a form of gas refrigeration cycle. When air is the working fluid, it is known as the Bell Coleman cycle. [20] It is also used in the LNG industry for subcooling LNG using power from a gas turbine to drive the compressor. [dubious – discuss] [citation needed]
Air cycle machines were first developed in the 19th century for providing chilling on ships. The technique is a reverse Brayton cycle (the thermodynamic cycle of a gas turbine engine) and is also known as a Bell Coleman cycle or "Air-Standard Refrigeration Cycle".
In 1895, William Hampson in England [3] and Carl von Linde in Germany [4] independently developed and patented the Hampson–Linde cycle to liquefy air using the Joule–Thomson expansion process and regenerative cooling. [5] On 10 May 1898, James Dewar used regenerative cooling to become the first to statically liquefy hydrogen.
Incoming air may be heated up in the combustion chamber, in the heat exchanger, or the system may directly receive hot exhaust gas from an engine or some technological process. Been heated up in one of these ways, the gas expands in the turbine from pressure around the atmospheric to the subatmospheric one, after the turbine, created by the ...
The Ericsson cycle (and the similar Brayton cycle) receives renewed interest [6] today to extract power from the exhaust heat of gas (and producer gas) engines and solar concentrators. An important advantage of the Ericsson cycle over the widely known Stirling engine is often not recognized : the volume of the heat exchanger does not adversely ...
Brayton cycle: gas turbines and jet engines The Brayton cycle is the cycle used in gas turbines and jet engines. It consists of a compressor that increases pressure of the incoming air, then fuel is continuously added to the flow and burned, and the hot exhaust gasses are expanded in a turbine.
The Hampson–Linde cycle introduced regenerative cooling, a positive-feedback cooling system. [5] The heat exchanger arrangement permits an absolute temperature difference (e.g. 0.27 °C/atm J–T cooling for air) to go beyond a single stage of cooling and can reach the low temperatures required to liquefy "fixed" gases.
The most common refrigeration cycle is the vapor compression cycle, which models systems using refrigerants that change phase. The absorption refrigeration cycle is an alternative that absorbs the refrigerant in a liquid solution rather than evaporating it. Gas refrigeration cycles include the reversed Brayton cycle and the Hampson–Linde cycle.