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The following containers are defined in the current revision of the C++ standard: array, vector, list, forward_list, deque. Each of these containers implements different algorithms for data storage, which means that they have different speed guarantees for different operations: [1] array implements a compile-time non-resizable array.
Elements of a newly created array may have undefined values (as in C), or may be defined to have a specific "default" value such as 0 or a null pointer (as in Java). In C++ a std::vector object supports the store, select, and append operations with the performance characteristics discussed above. Vectors can be queried for their size and can be ...
A map, sometimes referred to as a dictionary, consists of a key/value pair. The key is used to order the sequence, and the value is somehow associated with that key. For example, a map might contain keys representing every unique word in a text and values representing the number of times that word appears in the text.
The dope vector is a complete handle for the array, and is a convenient way to pass arrays as arguments to procedures. Many useful array slicing operations (such as selecting a sub-array, swapping indices, or reversing the direction of the indices) can be performed very efficiently by manipulating the dope vector. [2]
It is implemented in the C++ standard library as forward_list. deque (double-ended queue) a vector with insertion/erase at the beginning or end in amortized constant time, however lacking some guarantees on iterator validity after altering the deque. Container adaptors queue: Provides FIFO queue interface in terms of push / pop / front / back ...
The value of %phone-book{'John Doe'} is '555-1212'. The list of keys and values can be extracted using the built-in functions keys and values, respectively. So, for example, to print all the keys of a hash:
In this example, the indexer is used to get the value at the nth position, and then to get the position in the list referenced by its value. The output of the code is: John is the member number 0 of the doeFamily Jane is the member number 1 of the doeFamily
In computer programming, foreach loop (or for-each loop) is a control flow statement for traversing items in a collection. foreach is usually used in place of a standard for loop statement.