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Illustration showing fracture of clavicle. The clavicle is the bone that connects the trunk of the body to the arm, and it is located directly above the first rib. A clavicle is located on each side of the front, upper part of the chest. The clavicle consists of a medial end, a shaft, and a lateral end.
A regimen of physical therapy following surgery is prescribed and most patients experience full recovery within 8 to 10 weeks post-surgery. [1] The procedure was created by, and named for, orthopedic surgeon Eugene Bishop Mumford in 1941. [2] [3]
An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin. [2] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta ...
The coracoclavicular ligament connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula. [1] It is not part of the acromioclavicular joint articulation, but is usually described with it, since it keeps the clavicle in contact with the acromion. It consists of two fasciculi, the trapezoid ligament in front, and the conoid ligament behind. [2]
Clay-shoveler's fracture is a stable fracture through the spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae, classically at C6 or C7. [1] In Australia in the 1930s, men digging deep ditches tossed clay 10 to 15 feet above their heads using long handled shovels. [ 2 ]
It depresses the lateral clavicle, acts to stabilize the clavicle while the shoulder moves the arm. It also raises the first rib while lowering the clavicle during breathing. The subclavius protects the underlying brachial plexus and subclavian vessels from a broken clavicle—the most frequently broken long bone.
The Orthopaedic Trauma Association Committee for Coding and Classification initially published their classification system covering the whole skeleton in 1996. [5] In 2006 [6] they published a revision, unifying the Muller/AO and OTA systems into a single alphanumeric classification, which has been further updated in 2018: [7]
If it becomes severe, the Mumford procedure or distal clavicle excision can be performed. [citation needed] Most non-surgical treatment options include first immobilizing the arm with a sling for approximately 2 weeks followed by gradually improving shoulder movement using physical therapy to build up the muscles and help stabilize the joint. [5]