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  2. Deadweight loss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadweight_loss

    Where a tax increases linearly, the deadweight loss increases as the square of the tax increase. This means that when the size of a tax doubles, the base and height of the triangle double. Thus, doubling the tax increases the deadweight loss by a factor of 4. The varying deadweight loss from a tax also affects the government's total tax revenue.

  3. Economic surplus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_surplus

    The manufacturer has reduced the quantity of goods for Q 1, which means that the manufacturer has increased the production factors or production costs equivalent to the amount of AVC·Q 1. However, at the same time, the manufacturer actually obtains a total income equivalent to the total market price P 1 · Q 1 .

  4. Welfare cost of inflation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_cost_of_inflation

    [1] [2] This approach measures the welfare cost by computing the appropriate area under the money demand curve. Fischer (1981) and Lucas (1981), find the cost of inflation to be low. [ 3 ] Fischer computes the deadweight loss generated by an increase in inflation from zero to 10 percent as just 0.3 percent of GDP using the monetary base as the ...

  5. Monopoly price - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly_price

    Reduction in price increases the quantity demanded, but reduces payments by those who would be willing to pay a higher price: MR < P. Marginal cost (MC) relates to the firm's technical cost structure within production, and indicates the rise in total cost that must occur for an additional unit to be supplied to the market by the firm. [1]

  6. Tax wedge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_wedge

    The filled-in "wedge" created by a tax actually represents the amount of deadweight loss created by the tax. [2] Deadweight loss is the reduction in social efficiency (producer and consumer surplus) from preventing trades for which benefits exceed costs. [2] Deadweight loss occurs with a tax because a higher price for consumers, and a lower ...

  7. Monopoly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly

    Deadweight loss is the cost to society because it is inefficient. Given the presence of this deadweight loss, the combined surplus (or wealth) for the monopolist and consumers is necessarily less than the total surplus obtained by consumers by perfect competition.

  8. Monopsony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopsony

    This is a net social loss and is called deadweight loss. It is a measure of the market failure caused by monopsony power, through a wasteful misallocation of resources. As the diagram suggests, the size of both effects increases with the difference between the marginal revenue product MRP and the market wage determined on the supply curve S ...

  9. Pigouvian tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigouvian_tax

    In reality, however, the net wage is the gross wage times one minus the tax rate, all divided by the price of consumption goods. With the status quo income tax, deadweight loss exists. Any addition to the price of consumption goods or an increase in the income tax extends the deadweight loss further.