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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture, the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit, also known as the thoracic outlet. [1] There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial. [1] The neurogenic type is the most common and ...
Neurology. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a nerve -damaging side effect of antineoplastic agents in the common cancer treatment, chemotherapy. [1] CIPN afflicts between 30% and 40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy are designed to eliminate rapidly dividing cancer cells, but they ...
Cancer-related pain can be caused by metastases, the tumour itself, inflamed or eroding bone viscera or nerves, or pain related to cancer treatments. [14] The term “cancer-related pain” only indicates that pain is related to cancer and doesn't imply the exact cause of the pain. [15]
Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), is a group of symptoms caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava ("SVC"), a short, wide vessel carrying circulating blood into the heart. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum, most commonly lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, directly compressing or invading ...
Cancer pain. Pain in cancer may arise from a tumor compressing or infiltrating nearby body parts; from treatments and diagnostic procedures; or from skin, nerve and other changes caused by a hormone imbalance or immune response. Most chronic (long-lasting) pain is caused by the illness and most acute (short-term) pain is caused by treatment or ...
Diagnosis. Squamous-cell carcinoma of the thyroid is biologically aggressive malignant neoplasm which is associated with rapid growth of neck mass followed by infiltration of thyroid-adjacent structures. Patients usually demonstrate dysphagia, dyspnea and voice changes, as well as local pain in the neck. The tools required to diagnosis primary ...
Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a term referring to one of two types of mast cell activation disorder (MCAD); the other type is idiopathic MCAD. [1] MCAS is an immunological condition in which mast cells inappropriately and excessively release chemical mediators, resulting in a range of chronic symptoms, sometimes including anaphylaxis or near-anaphylaxis attacks.
A soft-tissue sarcoma is often a painless mass that grows slowly over months or years. They may be superficial or deep-seated. Any such unexplained mass must be diagnosed by biopsy. [2] Treatment may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. [3] Bone sarcomas are the other class of sarcomas.