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Flagellants are practitioners of a form of mortification of the flesh by whipping their skin with various instruments of penance. [1] Many Christian confraternities of penitents have flagellants, who beat themselves, both in the privacy of their dwellings and in public processions, to repent of sins and share in the Passion of Jesus .
Pope Clement VI is known to have permitted it for this purpose in 1348, [56] but changed course, as he condemned the Flagellants as a cult the following year. [57] Martin Luther, the Protestant Reformer, regularly practiced self-flagellation as a means of mortification of the flesh before leaving the Roman Catholic Church. [58]
Muslims mourning the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali in Hyderabad, India. Self-flagellation is the disciplinary and devotional practice of flogging oneself with whips or other instruments that inflict pain. [1]
Historically, the flagellants are the origin of the current traditions, as they flogged themselves with a discipline to do penance. Pope Clement VI ordered that flagellants could perform penance only under control of the church; he decreed Inter sollicitudines ("inner concerns" for suppression). [2]
The 11-foot-tall (3.4 m) painting was carried by the flagellants during ‘crisis processionals’ whenever the city was threatened by drought, flood, siege, or pestilence. In addition, this gonfalone promoted the flagellant confraternity, which was in rivalry with the city’s other confraternities.
Flagellation at the hands of the Romans is mentioned in three of the four canonical Gospels: John 19:1, Mark 15:15, and Matthew 27:26, and was the usual prelude to crucifixion under Roman law. [5]
Initially, the flagellants were members of the mercantile and noble classes, but as the movement spread outside of Italy, lower social classes took part. Of the first period of activity, only a single song has survived, although many of the words they sang have been recorded. Typically the texts were imploring, penitential, and apocalyptic.
"Flagellata" from Ernst Haeckel's Artforms of Nature, 1904 Parasitic Excavata (Giardia lamblia) Green algae (Chlamydomonas). A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella.