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TORCH syndrome is a cluster of symptoms caused by congenital infection with toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and other organisms including syphilis, parvovirus, and Varicella zoster. [1] Zika virus is considered the most recent member of TORCH infections. [2]
The UK National Screening Committee's current policy position on GBS is: "screening should not be offered to all pregnant women. [110] This decision was strongly criticized by the charity Group B Strep Support as ignoring both the wishes of the public and the rising incidence rates of GBS infection in the UK.
The UK National Screening Committee co-ordinates the screening of people for medical conditions within the United Kingdom. The committee advises ministers and the National Health Service in all four countries of the UK, and is accountable to the four Chief Medical Officers .
Bacteria, viruses, and other organisms are able to be passed from mother to child. Several vertically transmitted infections are included in the TORCH complex: [2] T – toxoplasmosis from Toxoplasma gondii; O – other infections (see below) R – rubella; C – cytomegalovirus; H – herpes simplex virus-2 or neonatal herpes simplex
Several types of screening exist: universal screening involves screening of all individuals in a certain category (for example, all children of a certain age). Case finding involves screening a smaller group of people based on the presence of risk factors (for example, because a family member has been diagnosed with a hereditary disease).
This was a timely action as screening quality in breast cancer screening services came under question at Exeter in 1997 [11] and followed in the wake of the 1995 Calman-Hine Report. [12] The idea of what was originally called the National Institute for Clinical Excellence took root when Labour came to power in 1997.
Across the world, screening programs are important for identifying children who have a need for spectacles but either do not wear any or have the wrong prescription. [14] Often, children who are suspected of having amblyopia are too young to be able to verbally recognize letters on the Snellen chart, making the eye examination challenging.
For infants who are infected by their mothers before birth, two potential adverse scenarios exist: Generalized infection may occur in the infant, and can cause complications such as low birth weight, microcephaly, seizures, petechial rash similar to the "blueberry muffin" rash of congenital rubella syndrome, and moderate hepatosplenomegaly (with jaundice).